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number 76

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shinyaro shanghai a historic building

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of global significance here 100 years

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ago

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a remarkable gathering took place the

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first

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ever national congress of the communist

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party of china

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[Music]

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october 31st 2017 a week

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after the cpc's 19th national congress

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general secretary xi jinping and the

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standing committee

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of the political bureau of the cpc

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central committee

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arrive in shanghai to pay homage to the

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site that witnessed the birth of the

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communist party of china

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as a political force

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[Music]

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the sound of these oaths being

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resolutely reaffirmed

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touches the hearts of everyone present

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[Music]

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[Music]

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in 1840 britain a european capitalist

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power

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eager to expand overseas launched the

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opium war against

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china british forces sailed across the

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oceans

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with just a few thousand soldiers and

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invaded china

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fighting northward along the chinese

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coastlines they finally defeated the

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forces of the qing

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the imperial dynasty that ruled china at

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that time

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after the opium war the western powers

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coerced

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china into signing hundreds of unequal

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treaties

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corrupt and incompetent the qing

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government became little more than a

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tool

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in the hands of the foreign powers

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dominating china

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[Music]

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in 1901 the qing authorities were forced

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to sign

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another unequal treaty the boxer

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protocol

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it compelled china to pay a massive

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indemnity

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to foreign imperialist powers that had

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invaded china the year before

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a sum of this magnitude had never before

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been demanded in china's modern history

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the terms of the boxer protocol added

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insult to injury

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as well as paying 450 million tales of

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silver

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and annual interest payments china was

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also

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forced to surrender control over the

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so-called legation quarter

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this became an exclusive zone for

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foreign diplomats and other

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representatives of foreign interests

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now there was a foreign enclave exempt

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from chinese law

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right outside the imperial palace

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the boxer protocol marked a new low

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china

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had now sunk to both semi-feudal and

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semi-colonial status

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in 1904 a young man called chun du shio

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published a poem lamenting the state of

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the country

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in his own newspaper bear witness to the

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end

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of an ancient nation and the suffering

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of 400 million compatriots

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blessed are those who can care for

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nothing but themselves

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painful is the lot of he who cares for

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the nation

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but chinese people did not meekly sit

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back as the country went to iraq and

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ruin

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they resisted and sought for solutions

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to the country's plight

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[Music]

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from the taiping rebellion of the mid

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19th century

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to the hundred days reform of the 1890s

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to the boxer rebellion of 1900 countless

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chinese people struggle to save the

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nation

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and its people

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[Music]

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in october 1911 this struggle reached a

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pivotal moment

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the shinhai revolution overthrew the

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qing dynasty

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at a stroke over 2 000 years of

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autocratic monarchy

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came to an end

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more significantly however the abolition

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of china's age-old

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imperial system had the effect of

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opening up new

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intellectual and ideological vistas to

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the chinese people

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this in the long run removed barriers to

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the nation's development

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and liberated its potential

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but the reality was that the 1911

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revolution

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was not enough on its own to rescue

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china from the palace state in which it

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found itself

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emperor or no emperor the country

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remained a semi-colonial

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semi-feudal society for that reason

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the various political forces that

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emerged in the immediate

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wake of the revolution were all destined

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to fail

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pain and humiliation would remain the

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lot of the chinese people

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but there were signs of hope in

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september 1915

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chen du shio started a publication

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called youth

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in shanghai renamed la jones

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meaning new youth from the second issue

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the journal rejected china's feudal

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culture

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instead seeking solutions to china's

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problems

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in modern science and democracy chun

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was soon joined by a young man called li

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da zhao

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who published an article in new youth

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this piece

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was fittingly entitled

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enjoy in 1917

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saiyan pay then president of peking

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university

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appointed chen du shio dean of the

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university school of liberal arts

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when chun relocated to beijing so too

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did new youth's editorial office in

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january 1918

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li da zhao became director of peking

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university's library

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followed a little later by mao zedong a

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founder of the xinmin society

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in hunan province three men

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destined to alter the course of chinese

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history all

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in one place

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thus chengdu show's journal began its

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close connection with peking university

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with regular contributions from rising

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literary star liu xun

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as well as li da zhao new youth and

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peking university

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more generally played the central role

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in the emerging new culture movement

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but the new culture movement's emphasis

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on bourgeois democratic solutions was

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problematic

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firstly the first world war had revealed

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the contradictions inherent in the

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capitalist system

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in the starkest terms possible

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secondly the repeated failure of

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attempts to reshape china along western

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lines

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had made the chinese intelligentsia

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increasingly skeptical

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about reforming china as a capitalist

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republic

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[Music]

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so the success of the russian revolution

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of october 1917

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introduced an ideological alternative

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marxism that with its stress on

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anti-imperialism

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had special appeal in china still at the

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mercy of the capitalist and

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imperialist powers thus chinese

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intellectuals

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began to move away from western inspired

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ideas

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and pay more attention to socialism were

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the answers to china's problems

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waiting to be found in the marxism that

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had guided the russian revolution

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in fact lidar zhao himself was the first

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person to raise the communist banner in

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china

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in the wake of the october revolution

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starting in july 1918

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he published a series of articles on the

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october revolution

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like a comparative view of the french

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and russian revolutions

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the victory of bolshevism and the

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victory of the plebeian

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in which he hailed the world's first

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communist state

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as the revolutionary pioneer of the 20th

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century world

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whose foundation heralded a new dawn for

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all humanity

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he even predicted that one day the

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communist banner

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would fly over the whole world

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the tilt away from the western inspired

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bourgeois political solutions

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intensified in 1919 gathered together in

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paris to negotiate the treaties that

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would formally end world war one

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the allies rejected china's reasonable

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request

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to end germany's privileges in shandong

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proposing to transfer them to japan

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instead

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under pressure from world powers china's

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representatives were on the verge of

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signing the treaty

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but when news of this latest treaty

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humiliation broke

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the pent-up rage of the chinese people

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erupted

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like a volcano

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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on may 4th 1919 more than 3 000 beijing

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students

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broke through lines of military police

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and marched on tiananmen square

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denouncing the terms of the paris peace

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conference

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a nationwide patriotic movement was born

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the may 4th movement

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[Music]

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the may 4th movement also marked the

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emergence of the chinese working class

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as an independent political force

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the chinese working class the

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proletariat of a semi-colonial

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and semi-feudal society mostly comprised

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of destitute peasants and artisans

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prior to the may 4th movement there were

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about two million industrial workers in

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china

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laboring in conditions of unimaginable

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hardship and poverty

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for them extremely long hours low wages

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and poor working conditions were the

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norm

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[Music]

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on june 5th 1919 a month after the

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student protests began

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shanghai workers spontaneously came out

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on strike

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in support of the students within days

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the number of strikers reached about

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seventy thousand

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workers in beijing tangshan hong kong

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nanjing and other cities followed suit

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in many cities merchants and business

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owners also took action

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in support of the movement paralyzing

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the economy

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before long the demonstrations had

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spread to over 100 cities

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in more than 20 provinces and regions

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faced with popular pressure and

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discontent at home on june 28th

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the chinese delegation declined to sign

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the treaty of versailles

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in short the may 4th movement gave

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progressive forces in chinese society

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a boost in particular marxism became

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more widely known

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especially in the working class movement

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thus

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the may fourth movement can be seen to

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pave the way for the establishment

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of the communist party of china

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further impetus was provided by li da

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zhao who both edited

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a special issue of new youth devoted to

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marx's studies

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00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:13,040
and helped beijing's morning news

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supplement create a marxist studies

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column

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meanwhile chundusho the ideological

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leader of the new culture movement

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had also begun to take a marxist

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[Music]

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foreign

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in march 1920 guided by li da zhao

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peking university student dong jong sha

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and 18 other people secretly formed the

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peking university

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00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:51,279
marxist study group the very first

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marxist study group in china the group

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called their library the communism study

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this was the first significant

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collection of marxist literature in

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china

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00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:14,959
to this day the peking university

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00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:19,839
library possesses eight books

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bearing the communism study seal

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in may 1920 chun du shio proposed the

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establishment

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of another marxist study group in

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shanghai

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yusho sung chinwang dao li da

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li hanjon and others soon join

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the shanghai marxist study group

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in april 1920 grigori voytinsky a

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bolshevik commenter and representative

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met with li da zhao and chundu shou in

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beijing and shanghai

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00:17:56,640 --> 00:18:02,080
respectively this exchange provided lee

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and chun with a more concrete

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understanding of the russian revolution

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in correspondence the issue of the

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establishment of a chinese communist

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00:18:09,520 --> 00:18:15,840
party was raised

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by august 1920 the first practical step

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had been taken

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a communist party organization had been

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established in shanghai

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with chen as secretary

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from then on the editorial office of new

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00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:37,760
youth

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00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:39,520
had another role to lay the

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organizational foundations

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of the cpc

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feng shui tang village in yiru jejung

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the home town of chiang wang dao

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in february 1920 chunwong dao secretly

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returned here

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with a mission to translate the

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communist manifesto

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[Music]

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in august 1920 the chinese version of

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the full

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communist manifesto was published a

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milestone

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in the history of marxism in china

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[Music]

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in october lida zhao established a

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communist party organization in beijing

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in november it formally became the

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beijing branch

366
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of the communist party with lee as its

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secretary

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of state

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00:20:09,820 --> 00:20:22,089
[Music]

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on november the 7th 1920 the shanghai

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communist party organization

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launched a monthly publication called

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the communist

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the banner of the communist party had

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been raised in china

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montage france is a quaint three-story

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00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,480
building

378
00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:51,840
a century ago it was the residence of

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tsai her son

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00:20:51,840 --> 00:20:55,760
and other chinese students taking part

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in the diligent work

382
00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:59,120
frugal study program

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during his stay in france tsai her son

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00:21:02,720 --> 00:21:06,960
corresponded with mao zedong

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00:21:04,480 --> 00:21:08,799
on two occasions systematically

386
00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:11,120
articulating his understanding

387
00:21:08,799 --> 00:21:11,919
of the basic tenets of marxism and

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proposing

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the formal establishment of a chinese

390
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communist party

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mao's response was enthusiastic

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excellent views

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i could not agree with you more he

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00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:26,080
replied

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00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:32,559
facilitated by the newly founded party

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organizations in shanghai and beijing

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00:21:32,559 --> 00:21:36,400
other communist entities emerged in

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cities such as changsha

399
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wuhan guangzhou and jinan

400
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:43,760
following suit chinese intellectuals and

401
00:21:42,559 --> 00:21:59,840
students in japan

402
00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:59,840
and france formed similar organizations

403
00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:49,440
now the stage was set for the first

404
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national congress of the cpc

405
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this convened in july 1921

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at 106 rue vance in shanghai's french

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concession

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today's number 76 shinier road

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participants included li da and lee han

410
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jun from shanghai

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jiang guo tao and leo ren jing from

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beijing

413
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mao zedong and her shoe hung from

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changsha

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dongbi wu and chun tancho from wuhan

416
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wang jing may and dong and ming from

417
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jinan

418
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chun gung war from guangzhou jo fo

419
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who returned from japan and bao hui song

420
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sent by chen duchy

421
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they represented over 50 party members

422
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nationwide

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marin and nikolsky the common term

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representatives were also present

425
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chondushya and li da zhao didn't attend

426
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due to their busy schedules

427
00:23:44,799 --> 00:23:49,120
so as to avoid infiltration by secret

428
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agents and french concession police

429
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force raids

430
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the venue for the last day of the

431
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conference was a boat on nanhu lake

432
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in jiashin

433
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during this first national congress

434
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several important decisions were made

435
00:24:02,799 --> 00:24:06,400
principally the guiding principles of

436
00:24:04,640 --> 00:24:08,799
the cpc were outlined

437
00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:10,320
with communist party of china confirmed

438
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as the party's name

439
00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:14,320
and socialism and communism specified as

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00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:18,570
its goals

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00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:21,120
to be achieved by means of revolution

442
00:24:18,570 --> 00:24:23,919
[Music]

443
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furthermore the congress also set up a

444
00:24:23,919 --> 00:24:27,279
central bureau

445
00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:28,559
this gave the party an interim

446
00:24:27,279 --> 00:24:32,159
leadership structure

447
00:24:28,559 --> 00:24:32,720
with chen dushyo elected as secretary at

448
00:24:32,159 --> 00:24:34,240
last

449
00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:35,760
a nationwide communist party

450
00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:37,480
organization had come

451
00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:43,120
into existence in china

452
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:44,559
[Music]

453
00:24:43,120 --> 00:24:46,799
in the decades that followed the

454
00:24:44,559 --> 00:24:47,520
congress some of the delegates like mao

455
00:24:46,799 --> 00:24:50,480
zedong

456
00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:52,080
and dongbi war went on to become senior

457
00:24:50,480 --> 00:24:54,320
party leaders

458
00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:56,320
others died heroically in the years of

459
00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:59,279
struggle that ensued

460
00:24:56,320 --> 00:25:00,400
some fell by the wayside a few such as

461
00:24:59,279 --> 00:25:03,760
jangwoo tao

462
00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:05,039
jung war and jo for hai betrayed the

463
00:25:03,760 --> 00:25:08,320
cause of the party

464
00:25:05,039 --> 00:25:09,120
and nation great waves wash away the

465
00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:11,840
sand

466
00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:12,559
it's precisely this process of continual

467
00:25:11,840 --> 00:25:14,960
renewal

468
00:25:12,559 --> 00:25:18,080
that has enabled the party to go from

469
00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:18,080
strength to strength

470
00:25:26,840 --> 00:25:29,840
children

471
00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:43,840
um

472
00:25:51,300 --> 00:26:09,670
[Music]

473
00:26:12,160 --> 00:26:19,840
[Music]

474
00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,600
the founding of the communist party of

475
00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:23,520
china marked the beginning of a

476
00:26:21,600 --> 00:26:26,320
revolutionary new chapter

477
00:26:23,520 --> 00:26:26,720
in the history of the chinese nation it

478
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,360
was

479
00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:31,360
a historical inevitability called into

480
00:26:29,360 --> 00:26:33,120
being by the people

481
00:26:31,360 --> 00:26:34,640
as the party of the most progressive

482
00:26:33,120 --> 00:26:38,080
class in china

483
00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:40,559
the working class the cpc represents not

484
00:26:38,080 --> 00:26:42,880
only the interests of the working class

485
00:26:40,559 --> 00:26:43,840
but also the interests of the entire

486
00:26:42,880 --> 00:26:47,120
chinese people

487
00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:49,200
and chinese nation

488
00:26:47,120 --> 00:26:52,159
the birth of the communist party in

489
00:26:49,200 --> 00:27:07,840
china would bring about the fulfillment

490
00:26:52,159 --> 00:27:07,840
of the chinese revolution

491
00:27:16,580 --> 00:27:21,840
[Music]

492
00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:21,840
so

493
00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:35,840
sometimes

494
00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:49,840
foreign

495
00:27:50,980 --> 00:27:58,480
[Music]

496
00:28:01,120 --> 00:28:03,840
foreign

497
00:28:18,820 --> 00:28:21,980
[Music]

498
00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:59,840
[Music]

499
00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:59,840
foreign

500
00:29:24,840 --> 00:29:41,840
yeah foreign

501
00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:55,840
foreign

502
00:29:58,530 --> 00:30:02,030
[Music]